O consumo de farinha de taro (Colocasia esculenta) favorece a integridade óssea em ratos machos / Taro (Colocasia esculenta) flour intake enable bone integrity in male rats

Objetivo: A proposta deste estudo foi investigar a composição óssea em ratos tratados com dieta suplementada com farinha de taro (Colocasia esculenta) até eles completarem 90 dias de idade. Métodos: No momento do desmame, os ratos foram divididos em grupo controle (C, n = 11) e experimental (T, n = 12) ­ composto por animais tratados com farinha de taro até os 90 dias de idade. Ingestão alimentar, massa e comprimento corporal foram avaliados semanalmente ao longo de todo o período experimental. Dimensões ósseas, bem como a densidade mineral óssea (DMO), conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO), área óssea total e propriedades biomecânicas foram determinadas no final de 90 dias. Resultados: Grupo T apresentou elevados valores (P<0.05) para massa e comprimento corporal; DMO, CMO e área óssea da coluna vertebral; DMO na quarta vértebra lombar; massa femoral, distância entre as epífises, largura do ponto médio da diáfise, DMO, força máxima e concentrações séricas de osteocalcina, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Conclusões: A ingestão da farinha de taro apresentou efeito positivo na saúde óssea. (AU)

Objective: This study aimed to investigate bone composition in male rats treated with diet supplemented with taro (Colocasia esculenta) flour until their 90 days. Methods: Weanling male rats were divided into control (C, n=11) and experimental group (T, n=12); the latter comprised animals treated with taro flour until their 90 days. Food intake, body mass and length were evaluated on a weekly basis throughout the experimental period. Spine bone dimension, as well as bone mineral density (BMD), mineral content (BMC), total area and biomechanical properties were determined after 90 days. Results: T group recorded higher values for (P<0.05) body mass and length; BMD, BMC and total spinal area; BMD of the fourth lumbar vertebra; femoral mass, distance between epiphysis, medial point of diaphysis width, BMD, maximum strength and osteocalcin concentrations than the control. Conclusion: Taro flour intake had positive effect on bone health. (AU)

Comparação entre três softwares de cálculo de dietas: uma análise do valor energético de uma dieta enteral semiartesanal / Comparing three softwares for diet calculation: analysis of energetic value in a semi-amateur enteral diet

O objetivo do presente estudo foi recalcular as dietas enterais semiartesanais padrões apresentados em uma Cartilha de Terapia Nutricional Enteral Domiciliar. Foram selecionadas as dietas 1.500, 1.800 e 2.100 kcal. Utilizaram-se três softwares de cálculo de dietas, Programa A, B, C, e cálculo manual com o auxílio de três referências bibliográficas. A dieta de 1.500 kcal pelo Programa A apresentou percentual de inadequação de -22,62%, Programa B -13,9%, Programa C +15,73% e pelo cálculo manual -1,1%. A dieta de 1.800 kcal apresentou no Programa A -26,6%, Programa B -15,6%, Programa C +11,17% e no cálculo manual -1,8%. A dieta de 2.100 kcal pelo Programa A -25,5%, Programa B -15,8%, Programa C +7,2% e no cálculo manual -4,8%. No estudo foi inviável reproduzir as dietas com auxílio do Programa A, B e C. O cálculo manual foi o método que mais se aproximou dos valores de oferta calórica apresentados pela cartilha.

Current analysis recalculates standard semi-amateur enteral diets given in a handout for Home Enteral Nutrition Therapy. Diets with 1,500, 1,800 and 2,100 kcal were selected. Three softwares for diet calculation were employed, namely, Program A, B, C, and a manual calculation, with the help of three bibliographical references. Diet 1,500 kcal of Program A had a non-adequacy percentage of -22.62%; Program B featured -13.9%; Program C featured +15.73%; manual calculation featured -1.1%. Diet 1,800 kcal features -6.6% in Program A; -15.6% in Program B; +11.17% in Program C; and -1.8% in manual calculation. Diet 2,100 kcal of Program A featured -25.5%; Program B featured -15.8%; Program C featured +7.2%; manual calculation featured -4.8%. Analysis showed unfeasibility of diets with Programs A, B and C. Manual calculation was the method that was closest to values of calorie calculation presented in the guideline.

Morbidade hospitalar, associada ao aparelho circulatório em Santo Antônio de Jesus - Bahia / Hospital morbidity associated with the circulatory apparatus in Santo Antônio de Jesus, Brazil

Current analysis compared the number of deaths associated with diseases of the circulatory apparatus in Santo Antônio de Jesus (SAJ) and those of Salvador, the capital of the state of Bahia (SSA). Investigation was based on census data (2005 ­ 2014). Results: SAJ has 90,985 residents, with 42,965 (48%) males and 48,020 (52%) females. Further, 87.15% resided in the urban area, most within the 30-39 and 40-49 age bracket; 97.71% worked in the municipality. SAJ (vs. SSA) had the lowest number of deaths (p<0.05) with a greater percentage of hospital morbidity (p<0.05). Percentage of hospital morbidity associated with diseases of the circulatory apparatus were higher among males (p<0.05) and lower among females (p<0.05). Epidemiological studies and the development of strategies to cope with cardiologic issues, as an object of public health, are required in SAJ.

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o número de óbitos, associados às doenças do aparelho circulatório, no município de Santo Antônio de Jesus (SAJ) em relação à capital do Estado da Bahia, Salvador (SSA). Estudo retrospectivo baseado nos dados do Censo (2005 ­ 2014). Resultados: SAJ: apresentou 90.985 residentes, sendo 42.965 (48%) do sexo masculino e 48.020 (52%) do sexo feminino. 87,15% das pessoas residem na zona urbana e maior parte destas está na faixa etária de 30-39 e 40-49 anos; 97,71% das pessoas trabalham no município. SAJ (vs. SSA) apresentou menor número de óbitos (p<0,05), no entanto, com maior percentual de morbidade hospitalar (p<0,05). Os percentuais de morbidade hospitalar associada às doenças do aparelho circulatório foram maiores entre os homens (p<0,05) e menores entre as mulheres (p<0,05). Estudos epidemiológicos e o desenvolvimento de estratégias de abordagem dos problemas cardiológicos, como objeto da saúde pública, são necessários no município de Santo Antônio de Jesus.

Antioxidant action of alpha lipoic acid on the testis and epididymis of diabetic rats: morphological, sperm and immunohistochemical evaluation

ABSTRACT Introduction Chronic hyperglycemia is caused by diabetes mellitus-committed genital morphophysiology, and oxidative stress is one of the main factors involved in this process. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) can prevent metabolic and morphological changes in diabetic individuals. Objectives In present study, we evaluated the effects of regular ALA consumption on the spermatogenesis and histoarchitecture in the male genital system of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into groups: Control (CG); Diabetic Control (DCG), receiving commercial diet: ALA Group (ALAG) and Diabetic ALA Group (DALAG), fed diets with added ALA (300 mg/Kg bw). The diabetic groups received a single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). After sixty days of the diet, the animals were euthanized, and semen, testis and epididymis samples were collected. A histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameter, tubular and luminal area of seminiferous tubules and each epididymal region. Sertoli cells were evidenced using the antivimenti antibody and were quantified. The results were statistically analyzed by the ANOVA test. Results At the end of the experiment, the DALAG glycemia was significantly lower than DCG. The histomorphometric parameters of the seminiferous and epididymal tubules did not show improvement in the DALAG. However, there was an improvement in the DALAG in terms of the concentration, motility and percentage of spermatic pathologies, as well as in the number of Sertoli cells (p<0.001). Conclusions The results demonstrated that supplementation with the ALA antioxidant retards testicular lesions and preserve the process of spermatogenesis in diabetes.

Effects of red wine, grape juice and resveratrol consumption on bone parameters of Wistar rats submitted to high-fat diet and physical training / Efectos del consumo de vino rojo, jugo de uva y reservatrol sobre los parámetros óseos de las ratas Wistar presentadas con dieta rica en grasas y entrenamiento físico

Introduction: intake of diets with high saturated fat may produce deleterious effects on bone mineralization. Lifestyle changes help reduce the bone loss observed in osteoporosis. Resveratrol, present in grape juice and red wine, has osteogenic and osteoinductive effects, being potentially beneficial for bone health. Objective: to evaluate the effects of red grape juice, red wine and resveratrol consumption on bone parameters in Wistar rats submitted to a high-fat diet and physical training. Method: female Wistar rats, with 90 days of age, were divided into five groups and followed up for 60 days: a) control group; b) high-fat group; c) grape juice group; d) red wine group; and e) resveratrol group. The different groups of animals performed a physical training protocol. Animal's weight and consumption were monitored weekly. After 60 days, femoral dimensions, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were evaluated. Results: there was no difference in body mass; however, all groups consuming the high-fat diet had higher consumption (p < 0.05). RWG presented a greater distance between the epiphyses, femoral mass and BMC (p < 0.05). RWG and RG presented greater mean diaphysis point width and BMD (p < 0.05). Conclusion: the results suggest that the bioactive compounds present in red wine and resveratrol solution together with regular exercise were able to promote beneficial effects on bone health, even when associated with a high saturated fat diet

Introducción: el consumo de dietas ricas en grasas saturadas puede producir efectos nocivos sobre la mineralización ósea. Los cambios en el estilo de vida ayudan en la reducción de la pérdida ósea que se produce en la osteoporosis. El resveratrol, presente en el zumo de uva y el vino tinto, tiene efectos osteogénicos y osteoinductores, y es potencialmente beneficioso para la salud ósea. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos del consumo de zumo de uva roja, vino tinto y resveratrol sobre los parámetros óseos en ratas sometidas a una dieta alta en grasa y entrenamiento físico. Métodos: ratas Wistar, hembras, con 90 días, fueron divididas en cinco grupos y monitorizadas durante 60 días: a) grupo de control; b) grupo hiperlipidemia; c) grupo zumo de uva roja; d) grupo de vino tinto; y e) grupo de resveratrol. Los distintos grupos de animales fueron sometidos a un protocolo de entrenamiento físico. El peso y el consumo de los animales se monitorizaron semanalmente. Después de 60 días, se evaluaron el tamaño del fémur, la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y el contenido mineral óseo (CMO). Resultados: no hubo diferencias en el consumo, sin embargo, todos los grupos que consumieron la dieta rica en grasas tenían un mayor consumo (p < 0,05). GV tenía una mayor distancia entre las epífisis, mayor tamaño del fémur y un mayor CMO (p < 0,05). SGS y GR tenía mayor anchura media de diáfisis y una mayor DMO (p < 0,05). Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que los compuestos bioactivos presentes en el vino tinto y la solución de resveratrol, combinados con el ejercicio físico regular, fueron capaces de promover efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud ósea, incluso cuando se asocian con una dieta alta en grasas saturadas

Effects of red wine, grape juice and resveratrol consumption on bone parameters of Wistar rats submitted to high-fat diet and physical training.

INTRODUCTION: intake of diets with high saturated fat may produce deleterious effects on bone mineralization. Lifestyle changes help reduce the bone loss observed in osteoporosis. Resveratrol, present in grape juice and red wine, has osteogenic and osteoinductive effects, being potentially beneficial for bone health. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effects of red grape juice, red wine and resveratrol consumption on bone parameters in Wistar rats submitted to a high-fat diet and physical training. METHOD: female Wistar rats, with 90 days of age, were divided into five groups and followed up for 60 days: a) control group; b) high-fat group; c) grape juice group; d) red wine group; and e) resveratrol group. The different groups of animals performed a physical training protocol. Animal's weight and consumption were monitored weekly. After 60 days, femoral dimensions, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were evaluated. RESULTS: there was no difference in body mass; however, all groups consuming the high-fat diet had higher consumption (p < 0.05). RWG presented a greater distance between the epiphyses, femoral mass and BMC (p < 0.05). RWG and RG presented greater mean diaphysis point width and BMD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: the results suggest that the bioactive compounds present in red wine and resveratrol solution together with regular exercise were able to promote beneficial effects on bone health, even when associated with a high saturated fat diet.

The action of avocado oil on the lipidogram of wistar rats submitted to prolonged androgenic stimulum / Acción del aceite de aguacate sobre el lipidograma de ratones wistar sometidos a estimulación androgénica prolongada

Introduction: the abuse of steroid hormones administered in chronic form may cause alterations in the lypidic profile, conveying na increase in the levels of LDL, and reduction in the levels of HDL. In average, 53.44% of the lypidic composition of the avocado core is composed of oleic acid (which is a phytosterol) and the study of the hypolipemiating effect of these substances has been performed aiming at the prevention and control of dislypidemias. Objective: to assess the potential hypolipemiant power of the avocado oil on the lypidogram of adult male Wistar rats submitted to prolonged androgenic hiperestimulation. Materials and methods: twenty eight Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups of 7 animals: the control group (CG); Avocado Oil Group (AOG) fed with a staple based on Avocado Oil; Induced Grupo (IG); and the Induced Grupo fed with a staple based on Avocado Oil (AOIG). The inducing was performed through surgery to subcutaneously implant sillicon pellets suffed with 1ml of testosterone propionate which were replaced at every 4 weeks. Results: VLDL (AOIG: 28.14±4.45; IG:36.83±5.56 mg/ml); Triglicerides (AOIG: 140.07±22.66; IG: 187.2±27 mg/ml); HDL (AOIG: 40, 67±1.2; GI: 35.09±0.8; AOG: 32.31±2.61 e CG: 32.36±4.93mg/ml) Testosterone (AOIG:1.42±0.46; GI: 2.14±0.88; AOG: 2.97±1.34 e CG:1.86±0.79ng/ml). Conclusion: avocado Oil exerted a direct regulating effect on the lypidic profile, acting efficiently on animals submmited to androgenic stimulation through a prolonged period (AU)

Introducción: el uso abusivo de hormonas esteroides administradas crónicamente puede ocasionar cambios en el perfil lipídico, lo que lleva a un aumento de LDL y niveles reducidos de HDL. El promedio (53,44%) de la composición de lípidos de la pulpa de aguacate está compuesto por ácido oleico (que es un fitosterol), y el estudio del efecto hipolipemiante de estas sustancias se ha celebrado para la prevención y el control de la dislipemia. Objetivo: evaluar el potencial de reducción de lípidos del aceite de aguacate en ratones Wistar machos adultos sometidos a hiperestimulación androgénica prolongada. Material y métodos: veintiocho ratas se dividieron en 4 grupos de 7 animales: Grupo Control (GC); Grupo de Aceite de Aguacate (GOA), alimentado a base de aceite de aguacate; Grupo Inducido (GI) y el grupo alimentado con base de aceite de aguacate inducida por la dieta (GIOA). La indución fue hecha mediante perdigones de silicona subcutáneos, implantados por cirugía, llenos de 1 ml de propionato de testosterona, que fueron cambiados cada 4 semanas. Resultados: VLDL (GIOA: 28,14 ± 4,45; GI: 36,83 ± 5,56 mg/ml); triglicéridos (GIOA: 140.07 ± 22.66, GI 187: 2 ± 27 mg/ml); HDL (GIOA: 40,67 ± 1,2; GI: 35,09 ± 0,8; GOA: 32,31 ± 2,61 eGC: 32,36 ± 4,93 mg/ml); testosterona (GIOA: 1,42 ± 0,46; GI: 2,14 ± 0,88; GOA: 2,97 ± 1,34 eGC: 1,86 ± 0,79 ng/ml). Conclusión: El aceite de aguacate ha tenido un efecto regulador directo sobre el perfil lipídico, actuando eficazmente en los animales sometidos a estimulación de andrógenos durante períodos prolongado (AU)

Impact of a high-fat diet containing canola or soybean oil on body development and bone; parameters in adult male rats / Impacto de una dieta alta en grasa que contiene aceite de canola o aceite de soja en el desarrollo del cuerpo y los huesos; parámetros en ratas macho adultas

Introduction: The role of the fatty acid in the prevention or progression of chronic diseases has generated significant interest on the part of researchers. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the long-term effects of high-fat diet containing soybean or canola oil on body development and bone parameters of male rats. Methods: After weaning, rats were grouped and fed either a control diet (7S) or a high-fat diet containing soybean (19S) or canola oil (19C). Femur and lumbar vertebra (LV4) structure were determined at 180 days by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. Results: The groups showed similar food intake, body mass and length development. The bone parameters of the 19C were similar to the control group, while the 19S showed lower bone parameters when compared to the other groups. Conclusions: The high-fat diet containing soybean oil was unfavorable to bone structure, while the canola oil contributed bone health during the adult stage of life (AU)

Introducción: El papel del ácido graso en la prevención o la progresión de las enfermedades crónicas ha generado un interés significativo por parte de los investigadores. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los efectos a largo plazo de la dieta alta en grasas que contienen soja o aceite de canola en los parámetros de desarrollo del cuerpo y los huesos de ratas macho. Métodos: Después del destete, las ratas se agruparon y se alimentaron con una dieta control (7S) o una dieta alta en grasa que contiene soja (19S) o aceite de canola (19C). Fémur y vértebras lumbares (LV4) estructura se determinaron a los 180 días por absorciometría dual de rayos X y tomografía computarizada. Resultados: Los grupos mostraron similares ingesta de alimentos, la masa corporal y el desarrollo de longitud. Los parámetros óseos de la 19C fueron similares al grupo control, mientras que los 19S mostró parámetros óseos inferiores en comparación con los otros grupos. Conclusiones: La dieta alta en grasas que contiene aceite de soja fue desfavorable a la estructura ósea, mientras que el aceite de canola contribuyó salud de los huesos en la etapa adulta de la vida (AU)

Serum and liver lipids distributions in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat treated with diet containing Yam (Dioscorea bulbifera) flour / Suero y hepáticas lípidos en ratas diabéticas tratados con dieta que contenía harina ñame (Dioscorea bulbifera)

Introduction: Liver disease as a major cause of mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. There is a interest to investigate the hypolipidemic properties of yam. The goal was assess the role of Brazilian yam (Dioscorea bulbifera) on serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, in female diabetic rats. Methods: The rats were divided into three groups: Control (C), Diabetic (DM); Diabetic Yam (DMY), treated with diet containing 25g/100g of yam flour. After 5 weeks of experiment, glucose, insulin, gonadal fat and liver mass were evaluated. Serum and liver concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations were quantified. Total liver thiols were determined. Results: After the 5 weeks, experimental groups shower (P < 0.05): Lower body mass; lower serum insulin; higher food intake and higher blood glucose concentration. DMY (vs. DM) group showed (P < 0.05): Lower blood glucose; higher gonadal fat mass; lower serum and hepatic triglycerides; higher hepatic cholesterol and thiols concentrations. DMY (vs. C) group showed: Similar serum and hepatic triglycerides and hepatic thiols. Conclusions: Brazilian yam (Dioscorea bulbifera) alleviated the consequences of the experimental diabetic disease, suggesting protection to hypertriglyceridemia and lipid peroxidation (AU)

Introducción: La enfermedad hepática como una de las principales causas de mortalidad en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Hay un interés para investigar las propiedades hipolipemiantes de ñame. El objetivo era evaluar el papel de ñame brasileña (Dioscorea bulbifera) en suero y los niveles hepáticos de triglicéridos y colesterol, en las ratas diabéticas . Métodos: Las ratas se dividieron en tres grupos: control (C), diabéticos (DM); Diabetic ñame (DMA), se trata con dieta que contenía 25 g / 100 g de harina de ñame. Después de 5 semanas de experimento, la glucosa, la insulina, la grasa gonadal y la masa del hígado fueron evaluados. Se cuantificaron las concentraciones de suero e hígado de los triglicéridos y las concentraciones de colesterol. Se determinaron los tioles totales de hígado. Resultados: Después de las 5 semanas, experimental ducha grupos (p < 0.05) : la masa corporal inferior; insulina sérica inferior; más alta la ingesta de alimentos y una mayor concentración de glucosa en sangre. DMY (vs. DM) grupo mostró (P < 0.05) : Baje la glucosa en sangre; masa grasa gonadal superior; inferior y triglicéridos séricos hepáticas; más altos de colesterol y tioles concentraciones hepáticas. DMY (vs. C) grupo mostró: suero similares y triglicéridos hepáticos y tioles hepáticas. Conclusiones: Ñame brasileño (Dioscorea bulbifera) alivian las consecuencias de la enfermedad diabética experimental, lo que sugiere protección para la hipertrigliceridemia y la peroxidación lipídica (AU)

Effects of flaxseed flour on the lipid profile of rats submitted to prolonged androgen stimuli / Efectos de la harina de semilla de linaza en el perfil lipídico de ratas sometidas a estímulos androgénicos prolongados

Background: The chronic use of steroid hormones can lead to alterations in the lipid profile such as an increase in LDL and decrease in HDL levels . The effect of flaxseed on lipid profiles has been widely investigated. Aim: Evaluate the lipid profile of adult male Wistar rats fed with flax based meals and submitted to androgenic hyperstimulation. Material and Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals: the Control group (CG); Flax group (FG) fed a flaxseed flour-based meal; Induced group (IG); and the Induced group (IGF) that was fed a flaxseed flour-based meal. The induction was done by using silicone pellets filled with testosterone propionate (1mg), sealed with a surgical adhesive and substituted every 4 weeks. Results: Triglycerides (FG: 71.16 ± 21.95; IG: 99.16 ± 26.00 and IGF: 86.33 ± 27.16 mg/dL) and HDL-cholesterol (FG: 23.05 ± 1.67; IG: 29.06 ± 7.24 and IGF: 26.06 ± 3.56 mg/dL) were significantly lower in the experimental groups. The FG and IGF (41.16 ± 3.97 and 49.66 ± 11.25 mg/dL, respectively) showed significantly lower levels of cholesterol than the other groups(CG: 78,85 ± 11.58 and IG: 70,83 ± 14.85 mg/dL). Regarding LDL levels, the IG showed significantly higher concentrations (21,93 ± 8,84 mg/dL) than the others groups (CG: 7,81 ± 5,37; FG: 3,88 ± 1,32 and IGF: 6,66 ± 7,24 mg/dL). Conclusions: The flaxseed has a relevant effect on the lipid profile of animals submitted to androgenic hyperstimulation (AU)

Introducción: El uso crónico de hormonas esteroides puede causar alteraciones en el perfil lipídico como el aumento de las LDL y reducción de las HDL. Los efectos de la linaza en el perfil lipídico han sido extensivamente investigados. Objetivo: Evaluar el perfil lipídico de ratas Wistar machos adultos alimentados con piensos a base de linaza y sometidos a hiperestimulaciones androgénicas. Materiales y Métodos: Cuarenta ratas Wistar fueron divididos en 4 grupos de 10 animales: Grupo control (GC); Grupo de linaza (GL), alimentados con piensos a base de harina de linaza ; Grupo Inducido (GI); y Grupo Inducido (GIL) alimentados con piensos a base de harina de linaza. La inducción fue realizada utilizando pellets de silicona rellenados con propionato de testosterona (1 mg) cerrados con un adhesivo quirúrgico y sustituidos cada 4 semanas. Resultados: Los triglicéridos (GL: 71.16 ± 21.95; GI: 99.16 ± 26.00; GIL: 86.33 ± 27.16 mg/dL) y colesterol-HDL (GL: 23.05 ± 1.67; GI: 29.06 ± 7.24; GIL: 26.06 ± 3.56 mg/dL) estaban significativamente más bajos en los grupos experimentales. EL GL (41.16 ± 3.97 mg/dL) y GIL (49.66 ± 11.25 mg/dL) presentaron niveles menores de colesterol que los otros grupos (GC: 78,85 ± 11.58; GI: 70,83 ± 14.85 mg/dL) y el GI concentraciones significativamente mayores de LDL (21,93 ± 8,84 mg/dL) que los otros grupos (GC: 7,81 ± 5,37; GL: 3,88 ± 1,32; GIL: 6,66 ± 7,24 mg/dL). Conclusión: La linaza presenta efectos relevantes en el perfil lipídico de animales sometidos a hiperestimulaciones androgénicas (AU)

Assessments of body composition and bone parameters of lactating rats treated with diet containing flaxseed meal (Linum usitatissinum) during post-weaning period / Evaluaciones de composición corporal y parámetros óseos en ratas lactantes tratadas con dietas a base de linaza (Linum usitatissinum) durante el periodo de destete

Introduction: There are few studies on body composition and the effects of diet on weight postpartum women. The aim was to evaluate the body composition and bone parameters in lactating rats treated with diet containing flaxseed flour during postweaning period. Methods: After weaning, the lactating rat were divided in control (n = 6) and experimental (F, n = 6) group, treated with 25% flaxseed flour diet. After 30 days, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, serum analysis, organs and intra-abdominal fat mass, femur and lumbar vertebra parameters were determined. Results: The groups showed similar food intake, body mass and bone parameters. While F group showed the following: lower body (-5%), gonadal (-17%), mesenteric (-23%) and intra-abdominal (-6%) fat mass. Increase of HDL-cholesterol (+10%) and lower glucose (-15%), triglycerides (P < 0.05, -37%) and cholesterol (P < 0.05, -21%). Conclusions: The findings highlight the effects of flaxseed for control of adiposity and to maintain a healthy biochemical profile during the postnatal period (AU)

Introducción: Hay pocos estudios sobre la composición corporal y los efectos de la dieta en mujeres en el periodo postparto. El objetivo consistió en evaluar la composición corporal y los parámetros óseos en ratas lactantes tratadas con dietas a base de linaza durante el periodo de destete. Métodos: Después del destete, las ratas lactantes fueron divididas en un grupo de control (n = 6) y un grupo experimental (F, n = 6), tratadas con una dieta a base de harina de lino al 25%. Al cabo de 30 días, se midieron los parámetros corporales mediante absorciometría de rayos X de doble energía, se realizó un análisis sérico, y se evaluó órganos y masa grasa intra-abdominal así como los parámetros en fémur y vértebras lumbares. Resultados: El grupo mostró una ingesta alimenticia similar, así como parámetros óseos y de masa corporal. Mientras que el grupo F mostró los porcentajes siguientes en masa grasa: parte inferior del cuerpo (-5%), gonadal (-17%), mesentérica (-23%) e intra-abdominal (-6%). Aumento de HDL-colesterol (+10%) y disminución de glucosa (-15%), triglicéridos (P < 0,05, -37%) y colesterol (P < 0,05, -21%). Conclusiones: Los resultados destacan los efectos del lino para el control de la adiposidad y para mantener un perfil bioquímico sano durante el periodo postnatal (AU)

Effect of the "protein diet" and bone tissue / Efecto de la "dieta de proteína" y el tejido óseo

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the hyperproteic diet consumption on bone tissue. Methods: The study was conducted during sixty days. Twenty eight Wistar albinus rats, adults, originated from Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition were divided in four groups: (n = 7); Control 1 (C1), Control 2 (C2), Hyperproteic1 (HP1) e Hyperproteic 2 (HP2). The C2 and HP2groups were submitted to 30% of food restriction. The hyperproteic diet was based on the Atkins diet and prepared to simulate the protein diet. At the end of the studythe animals were anesthetized to performer bone densitometry analyses by DEXA and blood and tissue collection. Serum and bone minerals analyses were conducted bycolorimetric methods in automated equipment. Results: The total bone mineral density (BMD) of the pelvis and the spine of the food restriction groups (HP2 eC2) were lower (p < 0.05) than C1 e HP1 groups. While the femur BMD of the HP2 was lower (p < 0.05) related to others groups. It had been observed reduction (p < 0.05)in the medium point of the width of femur diaphysis and in bone calcium level in the hyperproteic groups (HP1 eHP2). It was observed similar effect on the osteocalcinlevel, that presented lower (p < 0.05) in the hyperproteicgroups. The insulin level was lower only in HP2 and serum calcium of the HP1 and HP2 groups was lower than C1.Conclusion: The protein diet promotes significant bonechange on femur and in the hormones levels related to bone synthesis and maintenance of this tissue (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la ingesta de proteínas de la dieta sobre el hueso. Métodos: El estudio duró 60 días. Veintiocho adultos albinas Wistar, del Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental fueron divididos en 4 grupos (n = 7), Control 1 (C1), de control2 (C2), en la proteína 1 (HP1) y en la proteína 2 (HP2).Los grupos C2 y HP2 fueron alimentados restringido a30%. Los niveles de proteína dietéticos fueron manipulados para simular la dieta de la proteína. Al final del experimento, los animales fueron anestesiados para los procedimientos de densitometría ósea (DEXA) y la recogida de tejidos. Análisis de mineral óseo en suero y se realizaron por el método colorimétrico utilizando un aparato automático. Resultados: La densidad mineral ósea total (BMD), la pelvis y la columna vertebral de los grupos con la restricción dietética (HP2 y C2) fue menor (p < 0,05) que en los grupos C1 y HP1. Mientras que el grupo HP2 fémur fue menor (p < 0,05) en comparación con otros grupos. Disminución(p < 0,05) de la anchura del punto medio de la diáfisis femoral y la concentración de calcio en los grupos de hueso hiperproteicos (HP1 y HP2). Se observó un efecto similar en osteocalcina en suero, que fue menor(p < 0,05) en los grupos de hiperproteicos mientras que la concentración de insulina fue más bajo sólo en el grupo deHP2. Ya hiperproteicos de calcio en suero y los grupos C2mostraron menor (p < 0,05) el grupo C1.Conclusión: La dieta de la proteína promueve cambios significativos en el hueso en el fémur y la concentración de hormonas relacionadas con la formación y el mantenimiento de este tejido (AU)

The intake of Yam (Dioscorea bulbifera Linn) attenuated the hyperglycemia and the bone fragility in female diabetic rats / El consumo de Ñame (Dioscorea bulbifera Linn) atenuó la hiperglucemia y la fragilidad ósea en ratas diabéticas

Introduction: Diabetic patients have a higher risk to osteoporotic fractures. Foods, such as yam, to oppose hyperglycemia, has been used to treatment of diabetes. Objective: The goal was assess the role of Brazilian yam (Dioscorea bulbifera) on glycemia and bone parameters of female diabetic rats. Methods: Female Wistar rats with 3 months age were allocated in three groups. Control group (C, n = 6),treated with normal fat diet. Diabetic rats treated withhigh-fat diet without (DM, n = 8) and with (DMY, n = 8) liofilized yam flour. After 5 weeks of the experiment, serum glucose and insulin, pancreas mass, number and area of pancreas islets were quantified. And femur parameters were analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) and computed tomography (CT).Results: Differences were considered significant ifP<0.05. Diabetic groups showed lower (P < 0.05): femur and pancreas mass, area of the pancreatic islets and insulin. However, DMY showed lower (-10%, P < 0.05)concentrations of glucose to DM group. Femur, by DXA, showed lower bone mineral density, content and area in the DM group. While the DMY group showed greater(+27%, P < 0.05) radiodensity of femoral head when compared to DM group. Discussion: Brazilian yam flour supplement did not fix a defect, but alleviated the consequences of the experimental diabetic disease. It showed results to control the rise in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats, suggesting protection in oxidative agents and postpone harm in the bone. Conclusion: Considering all the findings of the present study, our results suggest that yam flour does act producing benefits in the experimental diabetes (AU)

Introducción: Los pacientes diabéticos tienen un mayor riesgo de fracturas osteoporóticas. Los alimentos, como el ñame, para oponerse a la hiperglucemia, se ha utilizado para el tratamiento de la diabetes. Objetivos: El objetivo era evaluar el papel de ñame brasileño(Dioscorea bulbifera) sobre la glucemia y el hueso parámetros de ratas diabéticas hembra. Métodos: Ratas Wistar hembra con 3 meses de edad fueron asignados en tres grupos. El grupo de control (C, n= 6), tratados con dieta normal de la grasa. Las ratas diabéticas tratadas con dieta alta en grasas y sin (DM, n = 8)y con (DMY, n = 8) harina de ñame liofilizado. Después se cuantificaron 5 semanas del experimento, la glucosa y la insulina en suero, la masa páncreas, el número y el área de islotes del páncreas. Y los parámetros de fémur fueron analizados por absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual(DXA) y la tomografía computarizada (CT).Resultados: Las diferencias se consideraron significativas si P < 0,05. Grupos diabéticos mostraron menor (P <0,05): el fémur y la masa páncreas, el área de los islotes pancreáticos y la insulina. Sin embargo, DMY mostró inferior (-10%, P < 0,05) concentraciones de glucosa al grupo DM. Fémur, por DXA, mostró menor densidad mineral ósea, el contenido y el área en el grupo de DM. Mientras que el grupo DMY mostró mayor (27%, P <0,05) radiodensidad de la cabeza femoral en comparación con el grupo de DM. Discusión: Suplemento de harina de ñame brasileña no fijó un defecto, pero alivia las consecuencias de la enfermedad diabética experimental. Se mostró resultados para controlar el aumento de los niveles de glucosa en sangre en ratas diabéticas, lo que sugiere la protección en agentes oxidantes y posponer daño en el hueso. Conclusión: Teniendo en cuenta todos los resultados de este estudio, nuestros resultados sugieren que la harina deñame actúa de producir beneficios en la diabetes experimental (AU)

Diet containing low n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio, provided by canola oil, alters body composition and bone quality in young rats.

PURPOSE: Adipocytes and osteoblasts were derived from a common progenitor, and canola oil intake may have an adipogenic and osteogenic effect. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effect on adipocyte, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and bone of canola oil as main lipid source on the diet during development. METHODS: After weaning, rats were divided into two groups (n = 10 per group): control (S) and experimental (C) diets containing 7 mL/100 g soybean or canola oil, respectively. At 60 days, body composition, liver and intra-abdominal fat mass, adipocyte morphology, serum analysis, femur and lumbar vertebras density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography were determined. Differences were considered significant with P < 0.05. RESULTS: C group showed the following: lower liver (-12%) and intra-abdominal fat mass (-19%) area of adipocyte (-60%), cholesterol (-33%), insulin (-22%), lower total body (-9%) and spine (-33%) bone mineral content and bone area (-7 and -24%, respectively), femur mass (-9%), width of the diaphysis (-6%), femur (-10%) and lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density (-9%), and radiodensity of femoral head (-8%). CONCLUSIONS: The lower intra-abdominal adiposity could have more beneficial effects in a short term, since it can be associated with a better insulin sensitivity and lipid profile, than the small reduction in femur and lumbar vertebra density. However, it has to be considered the incremental effect of this reduction along the aging process.

Impacto da dieta hiperlipídica contendo óleo de canola ou de soja no desenvolvimento da adiposidade abdominal e estrutura óssea / Impact of high-fat diet containing canola oil or soybean in the development of abdominal adiposity and bone structure

A baixa relação de ômega-6/ômega-3 esta relacionada com propriedades benéficas para a saúde óssea. No entanto, a dieta rica nestes compostos pode levar a obesidade. Adipócitos e osteoblastos derivam de células progenitoras comuns, e o consumo de óleo de canola pode ter ação adipogênica e osteogênica. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a adiposidade abdominal, insulina e estrutura óssea em ratos tratados com dieta contendo baixa relação ômega-6/ômega-3, proveniente do óleo de canola. Após desmame, os ratos foram divididos em grupos alimentados com dieta normocalórica: Controle (S) e experimental (C), contendo 7m1/100g de óleo de soja ou de canola e grupos tratados com dieta rica em lipídios: Controle (7S) ou hiperlipídico contendo 19m1/100g de óleo de soja (19S) ou de canola (19C), até completarem 60 dias de idade. Os dados foram significativos com P<0,05. No primeiro modelo, o grupo C apresentou redução de: Massa e área do adipócito intra-abdominal; Colesterol; Insulina; Densidade mineral (DMO) e massa óssea total e na coluna vertebral; Massa do fêmur; Espessura da diáfise; DMO do fêmur e das vértebras lombares e radiodensidade da cabeça do fêmur. No segundo modelo, os grupos 19S e 19C apresentaram maior ingestão calórica, densidade corporal, massa de gordura intra-abdominal, e maior massa e comprimento do fêmur e da coluna lombar. O grupo 19S apresentou maior área e menor número de adipócitos da região retroperitoneal. Glicose e a insulina foram aumentadas no grupo 19C vs. 7S. A tomografia do fêmur revelou maior radiodensidade na região proximal e da coluna lombar, no grupo 19C. Sugerimos que a quantidade e o tipo de lipídio consumido, após o desmame, induzem não somente o desenvolvimento corporal e os depósitos de gordura, além de afetarem a resistência insulínica e a saúde óssea

The lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with healthy bone properties. However, fat diets can induce obesity. Adipocytes and osteoblasts derive from a common progenitor, and canola oil intake may have an adipogenic and osteogenic effect. Our objective was to evaluate the intra-abdominal adiposity, insulin and bone growth in rats fed diet containing lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3, provided in canola oil. After weaning, rats were divided into groups fed with normocaloric diet: control (S) and experimental (C), containing 7 m1/100g soybean or canola oil, respectively and groups fed with fat diet: control (7S) or fat diets containing 19 m1/100g soybean oil (19S) or canola oil (19C), until they 60 days old. Differences were considered significant with P<0,05. In normocaloric diet model, C group showed a significant reduction in: Intra-abdominal fat mass; Area of adipocyte; Cholesterol; Insulin; Total body and spine bone mineral content and bone area; Femur mass; Width of the diaphysis; Femur and lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density and radiodensity of femoral head. To high-fat diet model, 19S and 19C groups showed higher energy intake, body density growth, intra-abdominal fat mass and higher femur mass and, lumbar vertebrae mass and length. 19S showed higher area and lower number of retroperitoneal adipocytes. Glucose and insulin were significantly increased in 19C compared to 7S group. Computed tomography of femur revealed higher radiodensity in proximal femoral epiphysis and lumbar vertebrae of 19C. We suggest that the amount and the source of fat used in the diet, after weaning, induce not only the body and fat depots growth, besides affecting the insulin resistance and the bone health

Abdominal adiposity, insulin and bone quality in young male rats fed a high-fat diet containing soybean or canola oil.

OBJECTIVES: A low ratio of omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with healthy bone properties. However, fatty diets can induce obesity. Our objective was to evaluate intra-abdominal adiposity, insulin, and bone growth in rats fed a high-fat diet containing low ratios of omega-6/omega-3 provided in canola oil. METHODS: After weaning, rats were grouped and fed either a control diet (7S), a high-fat diet containing soybean oil (19S) or a high-fat diet of canola oil (19C) until they were 60 days old. Differences were considered to be significant if p<0.05. RESULTS: After 60 days, the 19S and 19C groups showed more energy intake, body density growth and intraabdominal fat mass. However, the 19S group had a higher area (200%) and a lower number (44%) of adipocytes, while the 7S and 19C groups did not differ. The serum concentrations of glucose and insulin and the insulin resistance index were significantly increased in the 19C group (15%, 56%, and 78%, respectively) compared to the 7S group. Bone measurements of the 19S and 19C groups showed a higher femur mass (25%) and a higher lumbar vertebrae mass (11%) and length (5%). Computed tomography analysis revealed more radiodensity in the proximal femoral epiphysis and lumbar vertebrae of 19C group compared to the 7S and 19S groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the amount and source of fat used in the diet after weaning increase body growth and fat depots and affect insulin resistance and, consequently, bone health.

Abdominal adiposity, insulin and bone quality in young male rats fed a high-fat diet containing soybean or canola oil

OBJECTIVES: A low ratio of omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with healthy bone properties. However, fatty diets can induce obesity. Our objective was to evaluate intra-abdominal adiposity, insulin, and bone growth in rats fed a high-fat diet containing low ratios of omega-6/omega-3 provided in canola oil. METHODS: After weaning, rats were grouped and fed either a control diet (7S), a high-fat diet containing soybean oil (19S) or a high-fat diet of canola oil (19C) until they were 60 days old. Differences were considered to be significant if p<0.05. RESULTS: After 60 days, the 19S and 19C groups showed more energy intake, body density growth and intraabdominal fat mass. However, the 19S group had a higher area (200 percent) and a lower number (44 percent) of adipocytes, while the 7S and 19C groups did not differ. The serum concentrations of glucose and insulin and the insulin resistance index were significantly increased in the 19C group (15 percent, 56 percent, and 78 percent, respectively) compared to the 7S group. Bone measurements of the 19S and 19C groups showed a higher femur mass (25 percent) and a higher lumbar vertebrae mass (11 percent) and length (5 percent). Computed tomography analysis revealed more radiodensity in the proximal femoral epiphysis and lumbar vertebrae of 19C group compared to the 7S and 19S groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the amount and source of fat used in the diet after weaning increase body growth and fat depots and affect insulin resistance and, consequently, bone health.

Tomografia computadorizada na avaliação da distribuição do tecido adiposo abdominal de ratos alimentados com rações hiperlipídicas após desnutrição neonatal / Computed tomography in the evaluation of abdominal fat distribution associated with a hyperlipidic diet in previously undernourished rats

OBJETIVO: Descrever repercussões da ração suplementada com óleo de soja ou óleo de canola, por meio da tomografia computadorizada, na distribuição do tecido adiposo abdominal, após desmame de ratos desnutridos durante a lactação. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Ratas lactantes submetidas a restrição alimentar (RA) em 50 por cento, de acordo com o consumo das lactantes controles (C). Após o desmame, filhotes desnutridos receberam ração contendo 19 por cento de óleo de soja (RA-soja 19 por cento) ou óleo de canola (RA-canola 19 por cento). Os filhotes do grupo controle receberam ração contendo 7 por cento de óleo de soja (C-soja 7 por cento). Aos 60 dias de idade, foram realizadas medidas corporais e das áreas de tecido adiposo abdominal por meio de tomografia computadorizada. Após sacrifício, tecido adiposo abdominal foi excisado e pesado. Os dados foram expressos como média ± erro-padrão da média, considerando o nível de significância de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos RA 19 por cento desenvolveram similares comprimento, massa corporal e depósito de tecido adiposo visceral. Todas as avaliações realizadas foram significantemente menores em relação ao grupo C-soja 7 por cento. Entretanto, na tomografia computadorizada, os grupos RA-soja 19 por cento e RA-canola 19 por cento apresentaram diferenças significativas da distribuição do tecido adiposo abdominal. CONCLUSÃO: A tomografia computadorizada mostrou que a distribuição de tecido adiposo, na cavidade abdominal, pode ser dependente do tipo de óleo vegetal na dieta.

OBJECTIVE: To study, by means of computed tomography, the repercussion of post-weaning dietary supplementation with soy oil or canola oil on the abdominal fat distribution in previously undernourished rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dams submitted to 50 percent food restriction (FR) compared with dams receiving a standard diet (C). After weaning, undernourished rats received a diet supplemented with 19 percent soy oil (19 percent FR-soy) or 19 percent canola oil (19 percent FR-canola). Rats in the control group received a diet with 7 percent soy oil (7 percent C-soy) until the end of the experimental period. At the age of 60 days old, the rats were submitted to computed tomography for evaluation of total abdominal and visceral fat area. The rats' length and body mass were evaluated and, after their sacrifice, the abdominal fat depots were excised weighted. The data are reported as mean ± mean standard error, with p < 0.05 considered as significance level. RESULTS: Rats in the group 19 percent FR presented similar length, body weight and visceral fat mass. As a whole, the evaluations have shower results significantly lower in relation to the control group (7 percent C-soy). However, computed tomography has found significant differences in abdominal fat distribution for the groups 19 percent FR-soy and 19 percent FR-canola. CONCLUSION: Computed tomography has demonstrated that the abdominal fat distribution may be dependent on the type of vegetable oil included in the diet.